Page 85 - 理化检验-物理分册2025年第四期
P. 85
4
质量控制与失效分析 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240084
某输电线路铁塔防坠 T 型导轨脱落原因
党 乐,董俊谦,张 威,崔亚茹,尚 鑫
(国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司 电力科学研究院,呼和浩特 010000)
摘 要:某1 000 kV输电线路铁塔防坠T型导轨发生脱落事故。采用宏观观察、几何尺寸测量、
金相检验、扫描电镜及能谱分析、力学性能测试、化学成分分析等方法分析了导轨脱落的原因。结
果表明:使用的连接板材料与设计不符,连接板材料组织中存在大量三次渗碳体及较严重的非金属
夹杂物,造成连接板强度降低、脆性变大、抗疲劳能力降低;同时,连接板上螺栓孔冲孔工艺不当,存
在多余开孔,在螺栓孔边缘形成裂口;在运行过程中,螺栓孔边缘发生疲劳开裂,导致连接板沿螺栓
孔彻底断裂,最终造成导轨脱落。
关键词: 防坠T型导轨;L型连接板;脱落;渗碳体;非金属夹杂物;开孔
中图分类号:TB31;TG115.2 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1001-4012(2025)04-0069-06
Reason for the detachment of the anti fall T-shaped guide rail of
a certain transmission line tower
DANG Le, DONG Junqian, ZHANG Wei, CUI Yaru, SHANG Xin
(Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Inner Mongolia Eastern Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010000, China)
Abstract: The anti fall T-shaped guide rail of a 1 000 kV transmission line tower fell off. The reasons for
the detachment of the guide rail were analyzed using macroscopic observation, geometric dimension measurement,
metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis, mechanical property testing
and chemical composition analysis. The results show that the connecting plate material used did not match the design,
and there were a large number of tertiary carbides and severe non-metallic inclusions in the structure of the connecting
plate material, resulted in a decrease in the strength of the connecting plate, an increase in brittleness, and insufficient
fatigue resistance. At the same time, the punching process for the screw holes on the connecting plate was improper,
resulted in excess holes and the formation of cracks at the edges of the bolt holes. During operation, fatigue cracking
occurred at the edge of the bolt hole, causd the connecting plate to completely break along the screw hole, ultimately
resulted in the detachment of the guide rail.
Keywords: anti fall T-shaped guide rail; L-shaped connecting plate; detachment; cementite; non-metallic
inclusion; hole
随着我国超特高压电网的建设,杆塔的高度和 足,导致放电的单相接地短路故障,存在严重安全
数量明显增加。为保障作业人员安全,践行安全生 隐患。防坠导轨由材料为Q345钢的T型钢制成,并
产,防止高空坠落成为线路安全作业的首要问题。输 通过L型连接板固定在铁塔上,连接板的设计材料
电线路防坠落装置是保障杆塔高处作业人员安全的 为Q345钢。为了找出防坠导轨脱落的原因,确保输
电线铁塔防坠装置的安全可靠性,笔者对脱落损伤
悬挂用品 。工区运维人员在对某特高压输电线路
[1]
的防坠T型导轨及连接板进行一系列理化检验 [2-3] ,
开展防坠导轨专项排查时,发现其铁塔防坠导轨顶
以避免该类问题再次发生。
端脱落,在脱落过程中,导轨与边导线安全距离不
1 理化检验
收稿日期:2024-03-22
1.1 宏观观察
作者简介:党 乐(1987—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事电
网材料技术监督及电网新材料的研究应用工作,738130071@qq.com 图1为铁塔防坠导轨脱落现场。 由图1可知:T型
69