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质量控制与失效分析 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240338

带钢卷取擦伤缺陷在不同工序下的微观特征

陈 兴，刘少先，王俊峰
（宝钢湛江钢铁有限公司，湛江 524000）

摘 要：针对热卷、酸洗板、锌铁合金板表面出现的卷取擦伤缺陷，利用宏观观察、化学成分分析、
微观分析等方法研究了缺陷的不同特征。结果表明：3种卷取擦伤缺陷均为热卷卷取时产生的，且
宏观形貌相似，均为横向分布，由密集的点划伤组成；热卷表面的氧化铁皮被破坏，缺陷存在金属堆
积和氧化铁，组织中存在细小和变形的晶粒；酸洗卷表面氧化铁皮被酸洗掉，组织中存在细小和变
形的晶粒；锌铁合金板表面的平整程度不同，且合金化程度较轻，基板中未发现氧化铁，组织中仅存
在细小的晶粒，通过晶粒特征能够准确地进行工序分离。
关键词： 卷取擦伤缺陷；晶粒特征；热卷；酸洗板；锌铁合金板；显微组织

中图分类号：TB31；TG113.2 文献标志码：B 文章编号：1001-4012(2025)04-0064-05
Microscopic characteristics of scratch defects in strip steel coiling
under different processes

CHEN Xing, LIU Shaoxian, WANG Junfeng

(Baosteel Zhanjiang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang 524000, China)
Abstract: The different characteristics of the scratch defects during coiling on the surface of hot rolled, acid
washed plates, and zinc iron alloy plates were analyzed using macroscopic observation, chemical composition analysis,
microscopic analysis. The results show that all three types of scratch defects were generated during hot rolling and had
similar macroscopic morphology. They were all horizontally distributed and composed of dense point scratches. The
iron oxide scale on the surface of the hot roll was damaged, and there were metal accumulation and iron oxide at the
defect site. There were small and deformed grains in the microstructure. The iron oxide scale on the surface of the acid
washed roll was washed away by acid, and there were small and deformed grains in the microstructure. The flatness of
the surface of zinc iron alloy plates varies, and the degree of alloying was relatively light. No iron oxide was found in
the substrate, and only small grains were present in the microstructure. Accurate process separation could be achieved
through grain characteristics.
Keywords: scratch defect during coiling; grain characteristic; hot roll; acid washed plate; zinc iron alloy
plate; microstructure

根据用途和规格的不同，目前冷轧商品材料可 钢材的统计数据可知，表面擦划伤缺陷数量是冷轧
分为酸洗、普冷、轧硬卷、热镀锌、热镀锌铁合金、热 排名第1的，占所有缺陷总量的18%，擦划伤缺陷中
镀锌铝镁等。在生产过程中，每一类产品中都会出 的面挫伤（卷取擦伤）主要发生在酸洗产品中，占比
现特殊的缺陷，如酸洗产品会出现铁皮灰压入、红铁 约为48.41%。
皮等缺陷 [1-2] ，普冷产品会出现麻点缺陷，热镀锌产 卷取擦伤在热卷产品、普冷产品和锌铁合金板
品会出现锌灰和锌渣缺陷 [3-5] ，但也有产品共同存在 中也有发生，热卷和酸洗产品中的卷取擦伤缺陷可
的缺陷，如表面擦划伤。根据2022年湛江钢铁生产 根据宏观形貌辨别，但锌铁合金板和普冷产品中的
该缺陷较难区分，往往需要借助微观分析的手段来
实现工序分离。此外，由于卷取、开卷和运输过程中
收稿日期：2024-12-02
作者简介：陈 兴(1983—)， 男，硕士，工程师，主要从事钢铁技 也会产生该缺陷，仅凭借表面形貌来判定的误差较
术管理工作，081758@baosteel.com 大。笔者采用一系列理化检验方法对热卷表面、酸
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