Page 77 - 理化检验-物理分册2025年第二期
P. 77

2


                 质量控制与失效分析                                                          DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240077



                             兆瓦级风机偏航齿轮箱中心轮断轴原因



                                        厉旭旺,金子文,李贵方,李玉志,黄成彦,魏煜锋
                                             (明阳智慧能源集团股份公司,中山 528437)

                      摘  要:某兆瓦级风机并网运行3 a后,偏航驱动齿轮箱的4级中心轮发生断轴事故。采用宏观观
                  察、安全性分析、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检验、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,并结合有限
                  元仿真分析,对中心轮断裂的原因进行分析。结果表明:中心轮断口处存在多处非金属夹杂物,导
                  致材料的极限强度降低;轴肩过渡区设计尺寸过小,且轴肩表面残留多处粗糙的加工刀痕,导致轴
                  肩成为危险截面并产生应力集中,使材料发生扭转疲劳开裂,裂纹不断扩展,直至残余材料的强度
                  不足,最终导致中心轮发生断轴事故。
                      关键词: 偏航驱动中心轮;断轴;非金属夹杂物;有限元仿真;轴肩过渡区
                      中图分类号:TB31;TG142.1      文献标志码:B    文章编号:1001-4012(2025)02-0061-08

               Reason for the center wheel of the yaw gearbox of a megawatt level wind turbine
                                                      breaking shaft

                                LI Xuwang, JIN Ziwen, LI Guifang, LI Yuzhi, HUANG Chengyan, WEI Yufeng

                                    (Ming Yang Smart Energy Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528437, China)
                       Abstract: After a certain megawatt level wind turbine was connected to the grid for 3 years, the 4th stage center
                  wheel of the yaw drive gearbox experienced a shaft breakage accident. Using macroscopic observation, safety analysis,
                  chemical composition analysis, mechanical property testing, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopy
                  and energy spectrum analysis methods, combined with finite simulation analysis, the causes of the center wheel
                  fracture were analyzed. The results show that there were multiple non-metallic inclusions at the fracture surface of the
                  central wheel, led to a decrease in the ultimate strength of the material. The design size of the shoulder transition zone
                  was too small, and there were multiple rough processing knife marks remaining on the shoulder surface, which made
                  the shoulder a dangerous section and generated stress concentration, caused the material to undergo torsional fatigue
                  cracking. The cracks continued to propagate until the strength of the residual material was insufficient, ultimately led to
                  a broken shaft accident in the center wheel.
                       Keywords: yaw drive center wheel; broken shaft; non-metallic inclusion; finite element simulation; shoulder
                  transition zone


                  随着新能源普惠化进程的不断推进,风电行业                          大偏航扭矩等效果,同时配备了液压刹车装置。偏
              发展迅猛。风力发电机日益向大型化、智能化方向                            航驱动的工作时长较短,齿轮箱的工作转速较低,输
              发展,其中偏航系统是风力发电机实现最佳能量转                            出扭矩较小,对材料的要求较低。末端传动结构承
              换效率的关键结构。兆瓦级风电机组的质量均超百                            受驱动电机的扭转载荷,以及风机末端的不规律性
              吨,这需要巨大的偏航动力,故采用多台偏航电机提                           冲击、振动载荷等作用,导致其部件易出现过载断
              供动力,搭配减速齿轮箱,以实现降低偏航转速、增
                                                                裂、扭转开裂、断齿等多种形式的失效。据统计,陆

                 收稿日期:2024-03-14                                上低功率机型的控制类、机械类故障高发,偏航驱动
                 基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2021B0101230002);           相关的故障约占4%,与齿轮箱、叶片、轴承等一样,
                 广东省海洋经济发展专项资金项目(粤自然资合[2022]25号)
                                                                被认为是对停机时间影响较大的部件。目前正处于
                 作者简介:厉旭旺(1996-) ,男,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事风机
                                                                叶片、主机等结构降重优化热潮,偏航结构的可靠运
              机械部件的可靠性验证与失效分析工作,lxw1342591667@163.com
                                                                                                           61
   72   73   74   75   76   77   78   79   80   81   82