Page 27 - 理化检验-物理分册2025年第一期

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试验与研究 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240255

激光熔覆铁基涂层的显微组织和磨损性能

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何 群 ，郭 岩 ，吴胜法 ，黄佳敏 ，俞池恒 ，熊宗群 ，王光乐 2
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（1.杭州华电半山发电有限公司，杭州 310015；2.华电电力科学研究院有限公司，杭州 310030）
摘 要：为提高15Cr1Mo1V珠光体耐热钢的表面硬度、韧性和耐磨性能，采用激光熔覆技术在
15Cr1Mo1V钢表面沉积镍包WC铁基涂层。 采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、冲击试验机、
冲蚀磨损试验机、颗粒磨损试验机和吹损试验机研究镍包WC铁基涂层的显微组织和物相对涂层硬
度、冲击性能、冲蚀磨损性能、颗粒磨损性能和吹损性能的影响。结果表明：镍包WC铁基涂层组织
致密，物相为Cr 23 C 6 、Fe 3 W 3 C、Fe 6 W 6 C和WC，起到弥散强化作用；随着镍包WC含量的增加，铁基
涂层组织细化，有助于材料的硬度和韧性同步提高，Cr 23 C 6 和Fe 6 W 6 C析出量增大。当镍包WC质量
分数为30%时，铁基涂层的组织致密、细化效果最明显，铁基涂层显示出高硬度、高韧性和耐磨损性
能，涂层硬度最高达819 HV0.5，冲击吸收能量为62.2 J，铁基涂层的冲蚀磨损损失质量、颗粒磨损损
失质量和吹损损失质量约为基材损失质量的1/5，1/28和1/45。
关键词： 激光熔覆；镍包WC；铁基涂层；显微硬度；冲击吸收能量；冲蚀磨损；颗粒磨损；吹损
中图分类号：TB31；TG115.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-4012(2025)01-0015-06
Microstructure and wear properties of laser cladding iron-based coating

HE Qun , GUO Yan , WU Shengfa , HUANG Jiamin , YU Chiheng , XIONG Zongqun , WANG Guangle 2
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(1. Hangzhou Huadian Banshan Power Generation Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310015, China;
2. Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310030, China)
Abstract: In order to improve the surface hardness, toughness and wear resistance of 15Cr1Mo1V pearlite
heat-resistant steel, a nickel-coated WC iron-based coating was deposited on the surface of 15Cr1Mo1V steel by
laser cladding technology. The microstructure and phase of nickel coated WC iron-based coatings were studied using
scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness tester, impact testing machine, erosion wear testing
machine, particle wear testing machine, and blow loss testing machine to investigate their effects on coating hardness,
impact performance, erosion wear performance, particle wear performance, and blow loss performance. The results
show that the microstructure of nickel-coated WC iron-based coating was dense, and the phases were Cr 23 C 6 , Fe 3 W 3 C,
Fe 6 W 6 C and WC, which played a role of dispersion strengthening. With the increase of nickel-clad WC content, the
microstructure of iron-based coating was refined, which contributed to the simultaneous improvement of hardness and
toughness of the material, and the precipitation of Cr 23 C 6 and Fe 6 W 6 C increased. When the mass fraction of nickel-clad
WC was 30%, the microstructure of the iron-based coating was dense and the refinement effect was the most obvious.
The iron-based coating showed high hardness, high toughness and wear resistance, the hardness of the coating was up
to 819 HV0.5, and the impact absorption energy was 62.2 J. The erosion wear loss mass, particle wear loss mass and

blowing loss mass of the iron-based coating were about 1/5, 1/28 and 1/45 of the substrate loss mass.
Keywords: laser cladding; nickel clad WC; iron-based coating; microhardness; impact absorption energy;
erosion wear; particle wear; blow loss

收稿日期：2024-09-03 燃机机组阀体和燃煤机组水冷壁等金属部件
基金项目：中国华电集团有限公司科技资助项目（CHDKJ23-02-
材料通常为 15Cr1Mo1V、15CrMoG 等 Cr-Mo-V
166） 和Cr-Mo系列的珠光体类耐热钢 [1-5] 。燃煤机组锅
作者简介：何 群（1974—），男，本科，高级工程师，主要从事汽
炉 15CrMoG钢冷灰斗水冷壁管通常面临冲击和
轮机设备检测工作
吹磨的技术问题。燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组
通信作者：郭 岩（1977—），gy197704@163.com
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