Page 74 - 理化检验-物理分册2025年第五期
P. 74
5
质量控制与失效分析 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240065
天然气净化装置换热器泄漏原因
1
马星远 ,赵佳琪 ,尚用兰 ,张进龙 ,张建光 ,卢雪梅 ,陈梦婷 3
2
1
3
1
1
(1.中国石油长庆油田分公司第一采气厂,西安 750001;2.中国石油长庆油田分公司第四采气厂,西安 710018;
3.机械工业上海蓝亚石化设备检测所有限公司,上海 201613)
摘 要:某公司天然气净化装置换热器在服役过程中发生了换热管穿孔泄漏事故。采用宏观观
察、化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法分析了换热管泄漏的原因。结果表明:换
热管泄漏的主要原因为壳程介质中的固体颗粒因介质流速减慢而附着于换热管外表面,随着垢层的
不断增厚,含H 2 S、CO 2 等酸性物质的水气渗入垢层,形成了闭塞电池腐蚀环境,局部区域的pH下降,
从而引起换热管从外表面向内表面壁厚的腐蚀减薄,最终导致换热管发生穿孔泄漏。
关键词: 天然气净化装置;换热器;穿孔;泄漏;闭塞电池腐蚀;壁厚减薄
中图分类号:TB31;TG115.2 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1001-4012(2025)05-0062-04
Leakage reason of heat exchanger in natural gas purification device
MA Xingyuan , ZHAO Jiaqi , SHANG Yonglan , ZHANG Jinlong , ZHANG Jianguang , LU Xuemei , CHEN Mengting 3
1
2
1
1
3
1
(1.The First Gas Production Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Branch, Xi’an 750001, China; 2.The Fourth Gas
Production Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Branch, Xi’an 710018, China; 3.Mechanical Industry Shanghai
Lanya Petrochemical Equipment Testing Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201613, China)
Abstract: A perforation leakage accident of heat exchange tube occurred in the heat exchanger of a company’s
natural gas purification device during service. The causes of heat exchange tube leakage were analyzed by means of
macroscopic observation, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopy
and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the main reason for the leakage of the heat exchange tube was that
the solid particles in the shell side medium were attached to the outer surface of the heat exchange tube due to the slow
flow rate of the medium. With the continuous thickening of the scale layer, the water gas containing H 2 S, CO 2 and
other acidic substances penetrated into the scale layer, forming a closed cell corrosion environment, and the pH of the
local area decreased, which caused the corrosion thinning of the wall thickness of the heat exchange tube from the outer
surface to the inner surface, and finally led to the perforation and leakage of the heat exchange tube.
Keywords: natural gas purification device; heat exchanger; perforation; leakage; block battery corrosion; wall
thickness thinning
换热器是石油化工生产中的重要设备,其主要 12月制造完成,2014年12月投入使用。2021年产品
功能为介质的冷却和加热,可以满足后续工艺的要 中H 2 S含量超标,经排查发现该换热器泄漏,服役约
求,另外,换热器具有能量回收利用的功能,其壳程 6 a。换热器工作简易流程如图1所示。
或管程的能量来自于工艺生产线中的废热和废冷, 该换热器为单程设计,换热管材料为10号优质
实现了能源的重复利用,节约了资源,减少了环境污 碳素钢,规格为19 mm×2 mm(外径×壁厚),管程
染 [1-2] 。某公司天然气净化装置中的换热器在使用 介质脱硫天然气从N1口注入,流经下层换热器,经
过程中发生了换热管穿孔泄漏事故,经现场调研,发
N2口进入上层换热器,由N3口排出,运行温度约为
现该换热器为叠加管壳卧式换热器,设备于2013年
46 ℃;壳程材料为Q245R钢,壳程介质脱硫天然气
由N4口注入,经上层换热器壳程后,脱硫天然气自
收稿日期:2024-03-10
N5口注入下层换热器,由N6口排出,运行温度约为
作者简介:马星远(1976- ),男,本科,工程师,主要从事天然气
净化设备运行、维护、研究等工作,434673699@qq.com 70 ℃,运行压力为5.16 MPa。
62