Page 18 - 理化检验-物理分册2025年第一期

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试验技术与方法 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240275

高压电器钢铁件磷化膜白色结晶物组成及清洗

刘翠翠，李要锋，王延涛，熊明华，张 垒，邵明艳，张明英，赵 柯，赵胜楠，李金凤
（河南平芝高压开关有限公司，平顶山 467013）

摘 要：针对高压电器钢铁件磷化膜表面出现白色结晶物的问题，采用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了
白色结晶物的成分，确定白色结晶物成分与单一锌系常温磷化膜成分一致。采用乙醇清洗、环保溶
剂清洗、环保溶剂超声波清洗3种清洗方式去除白色结晶物，通过对比磷化膜表面是否残留白色结
晶物，确定了最佳清洗方式。结果表明：在常温条件下，用环保溶剂超声波清洗2 min，可完全去除
表面的白色结晶物，且磷化膜不被破坏，磷化膜的耐腐蚀性合格；单一锌系磷化膜组织粗大，分布不
均，锌钙系磷化膜晶粒细致均匀，粒径为6.5~8 μm，锌钙系中温磷化膜更能满足高压电器零部件的
磷化要求。
关键词： 高压电器；磷化膜；白色结晶物；超声波清洗；晶粒；耐腐蚀性
中图分类号：TM51；TG115.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-4012(2025)01-0006-04
The white crystal substance composition and cleaning of phosphating film for high

voltage electrical apparatus steel parts

LIU Cuicui, LI Yaofeng, WANG Yantao, XIONG Minghua, ZHANG Lei, SHAO Mingyan, ZHANG Mingying,
ZHAO Ke, ZHAO Shengnan, LI Jinfeng
(Henan Pingzhi High Voltage Switch Co., Ltd., Pingdingshan 467013, China)

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of white crystal substance on the surface of phosphating film of high voltage
electrical apparatus steel parts, the composition of white crystal substance was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy
and energy dispersive spectrometer. It was determined that the composition of white crystal substance was consistent with
that of single zinc phosphating film at room temperature. Three cleaning methods, ethanol cleaning, environmentally
friendly solvent cleaning, and environmentally friendly solvent ultrasonic cleaning, were used to remove white crystal
substance. By comparing whether white crystal substance remained on the surface of the phosphating film, the best
cleaning method was determined. The results show that the white crystal substance on the surface could be completely
removed by ultrasonic cleaning with environmentally friendly solvent for 2 min at room temperature, the phosphating film
was not damaged, and the corrosion resistance of the phosphating film was qualified. The microstructure of single zinc
phosphating film was coarse, and the distribution was uneven. The grain of zinc-calcium phosphating film was fine and
uniform, and the particle size was 6.5-8 μm. The zinc-calcium medium temperature phosphating film could better meet
the phosphating requirements of high voltage electrical apparatus components.
Keywords: high voltage electrical apparatus; phosphating film; white crystal substance; ultrasonic cleaning;
grain; corrosion resistance

高压电器设备的稳定运行事关供电的可靠性， 的方式在基体表面形成保护膜，并完全覆盖基体表
组成设备的每个零部件的品质都至关重要，要求零 面，可以提高零部件整体的耐腐蚀性。
部件无生锈、无异物。在保证高压电器钢铁零部件 磷化处理是一种历经百年发展的经济、高效、简
磁性和力学性能不受影响的前提下，采用表面处理 易的防腐蚀表面处理技术，广泛应用于钢铁件的防
腐蚀中 [1-2] ，具有生产加工容易、设施简单、操作步骤
收稿日期：2024-09-23
少、生成磷化膜效率高等特点。管道和形状结构复
作者简介：刘翠翠（1989-） ，女，硕士，工程师，主要从事气体绝缘
金属封闭开关设备的材料分析及工艺研究工作，liuccat0530@163.com 杂的钢铁零部件经过磷化处理后，可在内腔中形成
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