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质量控制与失效分析 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl230202
随车吊机销轴断裂原因
闫 贞,邱康勇,贺 艳
(深圳市质量安全检验检测研究院,深圳 518029)
摘 要:某随车吊机机械臂与液压杆的连接处销轴在运行过程中突然发生断裂事故。采用宏观
观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、硬度测试、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法分析了销轴断裂的原因。结
果表明:在运行过程中,销轴外表面应力集中处萌生裂纹,裂纹沿淬硬层周向向两边快速扩展,最终
汇合导致表面一周开裂;在交变载荷的作用下,周向裂纹沿作用力方向扩展,形成双源疲劳开裂;当
销轴剩余有效强度不足时,销轴发生一次性快速断裂。
关键词: 随车吊机;销轴;断裂;淬硬层;显微组织
中图分类号:TB31;TG115.2 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1001-4012(2024)07-0048-07
Reasons for the fracture of the pin shaft of the truck mounted crane
YAN Zhen, QIU Kangyong, HE Yan
(Shenzhen Institute of Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing, Shenzhen 518029, China)
Abstract: The pin shaft at the connection between the mechanical arm and the hydraulic rod of a truck mounted
crane suddenly broke during operation. The causes of pin fracture were analyzed using methods such as macroscopic
observation, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy
and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that during operation, cracks initiated at the stress concentration point
on the outer surface of the pin shaft, and the cracks rapidly propagated along the circumferential direction of the hardened
layer to both sides, eventually converged to form cracks around the surface. Under alternating loads, circumferential
cracks propagated along the direction of the applied force, formed dual source fatigue cracking. When the remaining
effective strength of the pin shaft was insufficient, the pin shaft experienced a one-time rapid fracture.
Keywords: truck mounted crane; pin shaft; fracture; hardening layer; microstructure
在随车吊机作业过程中,某集装箱吊装落地就
位后,机械臂与液压杆连接处销轴突然断裂,机械
臂脱离液压杆,一端砸向集装箱,造成集装箱顶部
塌陷。销轴断裂成两截,断裂位置大概位于销轴的
中间处(见图 1),其中一截已脱落,另一截挂在机
械臂上。作业时随车吊机未出现超载、超范围等违
规操作。销轴材料为 42CrMoA钢,断裂销轴直径
约为 100 mm,长度约为 280 mm,整根销轴长度为 图 1 销轴断裂现场
553 mm。笔者采用一系列理化检验方法分析了该销 1 理化检验
轴的断裂原因,以避免该类问题再次发生。 1.1 宏观观察
断裂销轴宏观形貌如图2所示。由图2可知:销
轴表面及断口上可见大量的黑色油污,断裂位置为
收稿日期:2023-07-31
销轴中间部位。
作者简介:闫 贞(1982-) ,女,助理工程师,主要从事特种设备
相关检测及研究工作,13570102@qq.com 断裂销轴清洗后宏观形貌如图3所示。由图3
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