Page 22 - 理化检验-物理分册2025年第四期

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试验与研究 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240053

冲击线缺陷对汽车外板涂装外观质量的影响

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龙 袁 ，韩龙帅 ，冯力伟 ，李晓军 ，郝玉林 ，白克飞 4
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（1.首钢集团有限公司技术研究院，北京 100043；2.绿色可循环钢铁流程北京市重点实验室，北京 100043；

3.首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 制造部，唐山 063210；4.北京福田戴姆勒汽车有限公司，北京 116026）
摘 要：为了研究外板冲击线缺陷对涂装外观质量的影响，提出了一种V弯→压平→拉伸的方法，
以模拟产生不同程度冲击的线缺陷。对含有冲击线缺陷的板材进行冲击线深度、粗造度、粗糙度轮
廓系数及波纹度测试。采用电泳+高光胶带的方法，评估了冲击线对涂装外观长波的影响。结果
表明：冲击线深度随着变形量的增大而变浅，冲击线宽度随着折弯半径的增大而增大；折弯半径越
小，板材的表面粗糙度、粗糙度轮廓系数和波纹度变化越大；随着变形量的增大，板材的表面粗糙度
和波纹度逐渐减小，粗糙度轮廓系数逐渐增大，变化趋势与材料种类和镀层的相关性较弱；折弯半
径和变形量越大，越有利于减小冲击线对涂装外观质量的影响。
关键词： 冲击线；折弯半径；变形量；高光胶带；涂装外观；粗糙度
中图分类号：TB31 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-4012(2025)04-0006-07
The Influence of impact line defects on the appearance quality of

coating on automotive exterior panels

LONG Yuan , HAN Longshuai , FENG Liwei , LI Xiaojun , HAO Yulin , BAI Kefei 4
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( 1. Technology Research Institute of Shougang Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green
Recyclable Process for Iron & Steel Production Technology, Beijing 100043, China; 3. Manufacturing Department,
Shougang Jingtang United Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063210, China;
4. Beijing Foton Daimler Automotive Co., Ltd., Beijing 116026, China )
Abstract: In order to study the influence of impact line defects on the appearance quality of coating, a method of
V-bending→flattening→stretching was proposed to simulate the generation of different degrees of impact line defects. The
impact line depth, roughness, roughness profile coefficient, and waviness of boards with impact line defects were tested.
The effect of impact lines on the appearance of long waves in coatings was evaluated using electrophoresis and high gloss
tape. The results show that the depth of the impact line became shallower with increasing deformation, and the width of
the impact line increased with increasing bending radius. The smaller the bending radius, the greater the changes in surface
roughness, roughness profile coefficient and waviness of the board. As the deformation increased, the surface roughness
and waviness of the board gradually decreased, while the roughness profile coefficient gradually increased. The correlation
between the change trend and the material type and coating was weak. The larger the bending radius and deformation, the
more advantageous it was to reduce the impact of the impact line on the appearance quality of the coating.
Keywords: impact line; bending radius; deformation amount; high gloss tape; painting appearance; roughness

[1]
汽车外观质量直接影响汽车品牌的影响力，各 板表面轮廓等因素的影响。冉浩等 研究了双组分
大车企对汽车外观质量的把控十分严格，一般来说 清漆对涂装外观质量的影响，得出双组分清漆涂膜
需要控制3个指标：漆面的长波数量、短波数量及鲜 的颜色丰满，流平性和鲜映性好，涂膜柔韧性和硬度
映性。汽车外观质量主要受油漆、涂装工艺，以及钢 适中，且在目视效果、保色保光性方面表现尤为突
出。高伟峰等 研究了2C1B工艺条件下的涂装质量，
[2]
收稿日期：2024-03-05
发现在油漆性能提升的条件下，采用2C1B涂装工艺
作者简介：龙 袁（1990—），男，高级工程师，主要从事汽车用钢
涂装及腐蚀、金属材料表面处理工作，longyuan.shougang@qq.com 得到的汽车外观质量与采用3C2B涂装工艺得到的
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