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试验技术与方法 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl250065
双引伸计式和应变计式同轴度测试仪的测量不确定度
尹思博,李 政,冯晟顺
(上海市质量监督检验技术研究院,上海 201114)
摘 要:对双引伸计式和应变计式同轴度测试仪的测试原理进行分析,并对两种试验机的测量不
确定度来源进行分析,研究了不同因素对两种试验机测量不确定度的影响程度。结果表明:采用双
引伸计式同轴度测试仪时,应更关注引伸计的准确度、夹具对中情况,以及材料均匀性等因素;采用
应变计式同轴度测试仪时,应额外考虑多截面贴片位置、数据采集系统线性误差,以及每次重新安
装的定位偏差等因素;双引伸计式同轴度测试仪适用于常规的试验机同轴度日常检定;应变计式同
轴度测试仪适用于精度要求高、分析全面的同轴度测试。
关键词: 双引伸计式同轴度测试仪;应变计式同轴度测试仪;校准装置;测量不确定度;弯曲百分数
中图分类号:TB30;TG115.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-4012(2025)04-0037-06
Measurement uncertainty of dual extensometer and strain gauge coaxiality testers
YIN Sibo, LI Zheng, FENG Shengshun
(Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Supervision, Shanghai 201114, China)
Abstract: The testing principles of dual extensometer and strain gauge coaxiality testers were analyzed, and the
sources of measurement uncertainty for the two testing machines were analyzed. The degree of influence of different
factors on the measurement uncertainty of the two testing machines were study. The results show that when using a
dual extensometer coaxiality tester, more attention should be paid to factors such as the accuracy of the extensometer,
the alignment of the fixture and the uniformity of the material. When using a strain gauge coaxiality tester, additional
factors such as the position of the multi section patch, linear errors in the data acquisition system, and positioning
deviations during each reinstallation should be considered. The dual extensometer coaxiality tester was suitable for
routine coaxiality calibration of testing machines. The strain gauge coaxiality tester was suitable for coaxiality testing
that required high accuracy and comprehensive analysis.
Keywords: dual extensometer coaxiality tester; strain gauge coaxiality tester; calibration device; measurement
uncertainty; bending percentage
同轴度是指在试验机施加力的过程中,试样夹 影响。目前,常见的试验机同轴度测试装置主要有:
持装置上下夹头中心线与试验机加载力轴线之间的 双引伸计式同轴度测试仪和应变计式同轴度测试
同轴程度。在设计、加工、装配及日常使用等多个环 仪。前者通过测试标准棒在特定长度段内的平均弯
节中,试验机均会产生几何误差和装配误差,因此 曲变形来计算试验机的同轴度(通常以弯曲百分数
不可避免地会存在同轴度误差。在对材料进行力学 表示),后者通过测试标准棒在多个截面上的弯曲应
变,并对其应变进行计算,从而获得同轴度。在测试
性能测试,尤其是拉伸试验时,一旦同轴度偏差过
过程中,测试结果的准确性和溯源性极为关键,对测
大,试样就会在承受轴向拉力的同时承受弯曲、偏心
试过程中各类不确定度源进行评定与合成是确保测
等附加力,从而使测试结果的准确性与重复性受到
试质量的重要环节。
1 同轴度测试仪的测试原理和测试结果
收稿日期:2025-03-13
1.1 双引伸计式同轴度测试仪
作者简介:尹思博(1995—),男,本科,主要从事力值、扭矩、硬
度类,以及非标类试验设备的计量工作,yinsb@sqi.org.cn 双引伸计式同轴度测试仪通常由一根具有已知
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