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质量控制与失效分析 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl230263
某电厂中压调速汽门 2Cr12NiMo1W1V 钢门杆断裂原因
高大伟
(中国大唐集团科技创新有限公司,保定 071703)
摘 要:某电厂中压调速汽门2Cr12NiMo1W1V钢门杆在运行过程中发生断裂现象。采用宏观
观察、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检验、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对门杆断裂原因进行分
析。结果表明:门杆断裂起源于漏气平衡孔壁处,该位置在渗氮过程中未做防渗氮保护,渗氮后材
料脆性增强,进一步加剧了应力集中,在交变载荷的作用下材料形成微裂纹,并逐渐扩展至基体,最
终导致门杆断裂;门杆的断后伸长率、冲击吸收能量偏低,强度偏高,韧性较差,在一定程度上加速
了裂纹的扩展,缩短了门杆的使用寿命。
关键词: 2Cr12NiMo1W1V钢;漏气平衡孔;渗氮层;脆性断裂;应力集中;交变载荷
中图分类号:TG115.2;TB31 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1001-4012(2024)08-0068-04
Causes of fracture of 2Cr12NiMo1W1V steel door stem of medium pressure
governing valve in a power plant
GAO Dawei
(China Datang Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Baoding 071703, China)
Abstract: The fracture of 2Cr12NiMo1W1V steel door bar of medium pressure speed regulating valve in a power
plant occurred during operation. The fracture reasons of the door stem were analyzed by means of macroscopic observation,
chemical composition analysis, mechanical property test, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope and
energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the fracture of the door stem originated from the wall of the air leakage balance
hole, which was not protected by anti-seepage nitrogen during the nitriding process. After nitriding, the brittleness of the
material was enhanced, which further aggravated the stress concentration. Under the action of alternating load, the material
formed microcracks and gradually expanded to the matrix, eventually leading to the fracture of the door stem. The elongation
after fracture and impact absorption energy of the door bar were low, the strength was high, and the toughness was poor. To a
certain extent, it accelerated the crack propagation and shortened the service life of the door bar.
Keywords: 2Cr12NiMo1W1V steel; leakage balance hole; nitriding layer; brittle fracture; stress concentration;
alternating load
火电厂调速汽门是控制汽轮机转速和输出功率 数为12%左右,具有良好的常温和高温力学性能,缺
的阀门,门杆是调速汽门的重要组成部分,在工作 口敏感性小,减震性及抗松弛性能良好,常用于制造汽
过程中,主要是通过执行机构带动门杆来调整门芯 轮机叶片、高温螺栓及阀杆等 [7-8] 。在门杆制造过程中,
的位置,控制调门的开启和闭合,改变进入汽缸的蒸 厂家为提高门杆的耐磨性能和整体抗疲劳性能,一般
会在表面热处理时对其进行表层渗氮处理,但有研究
汽量,从而实现对转子转速的控制 [1-4] 。调速汽门的
表明,部分门杆断裂是由渗氮工艺控制不当引起的 。
[9]
运行工况复杂、恶劣,经常会发生门杆断裂事故 [5-6] 。
某电厂300 MW亚临界机组汽轮机在机组停备
2Cr12NiMo1W1V钢是马氏体不锈钢,Cr元素质量分
启机过程中,右侧中压调速汽门门杆发生断裂现象,
门杆材料为2Cr12NiMo1W1V钢。笔者采用宏观观
收稿日期:2023-09-19
察、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检验、扫描
作者简介:高大伟(1990-) ,男,硕士,工程师,主要从事电站金
属监督、寿命评估及失效分析等方面的研究工作 电镜(SEM)和能谱分析等方法对门杆断裂原因进
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