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试验技术与方法 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl230143
钢晶粒度的截距直接测量法
来 萍,鞠新华,温 娟,史学星,贾惠平
(首钢集团有限公司技术研究院,北京 100043)
摘 要:针对钢产品中双相或多相组织平均晶粒度难以评定的问题,以单相组织无间隙原子钢为
试验对象,采用图像处理软件对单视场内截距测量数量进行确定,开发了一种采用截距直接测量法
测量平均晶粒度的新方法,并将该方法应用于DH590、38MnVS、400E钢等含双相或多相组织材料
的平均晶粒度评定。结果表明:截距直接测量钢产品平均晶粒度的方法简便可行、 检验效率高、出错
率低;测量结果与GB/T 6394—2017中截点法的测量结果基本一致;截距直接测量法既适用于单相
组织平均晶粒度的测量,也适用于双相或多相组织平均晶粒度的测量。
关键词: 无间隙原子钢;双相钢;截距直接测量;晶粒度;金相图像处理软件
中图分类号:TG142;TG115.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-4012(2024)06-0005-05
Intercept direct measurement method of steel grain size
LAI Ping, JU Xinhua, WEN Juan, SHI Xuexing, JIA Huiping
(Shougang Group Company Limited Research Institute of Technology, Beijing 100043, China)
Abstract: In order to solve the problem that it was difficult to evaluate the average grain size of two-phase or
multi-phase structure in steel products, taking single-phase structure interstitial-free atomic steel as the test object,
the number of intercept measurements in a single field of view was determined by image processing software, and a
new method for determining the average grain size by intercept direct measurement method was developed, which was
applied to the average grain size evaluation of DH590, 38MnVS, 400E steel and other materials containing two groups
or multi-phase structures. The results show that the method of intercept direct measurement of average grain size of
steel products was simple and feasible, with high inspection efficiency and low error rate. The measurement results were
basically consistent with the measurement results of the cut-off point method in GB/T 6394—2017. The intercept direct
measurement method was suitable for the measurement of the average grain size of the single-phase structure, and it was
also suitable for the measurement of the average grain size of the two-phase or multi-phase structure.
Keywords: interstitial-free atomic steel; dual phase steel; direct measurement of intercept; grain size;
metallographic image processing software
晶粒度是表示晶粒大小的尺度 [1-5] ,钢铁产品晶 GB/T 6394—2017 提供了 3 种平均晶粒度测量方
粒的大小对其性能有很大影响 [6-8] 。对于钢铁的常温 法:比较法、面积法和截点法。对于等轴晶单相组
力学性能来说,晶粒越细小,则强度和硬度越高,同 织试样,使用比较法评定晶粒度既方便又实用,对
时塑性和韧性也越好。因此晶粒度是钢铁产品显微 于批量生产的检验,其精度已足够;对于较高精度
组织分析中一个很重要的检验项目,也是评价金属 平均晶粒度的测量,可以使用面积法和截点法。在
材料的重要参数。 仲裁检验中,以截点法测量结果为准。面积法要选
一般依据 GB/T 6394—2017《金属平均晶粒 择合适的放大倍数,使单视场在给定面积网格内的
度测定方法》对钢铁产品进行日常晶粒度的检验。 晶粒数不小于 50,并且随机选择 3 个以上视场进行
测量。因此,为了得到较高的准确度,面积法计数
变得冗长,并且增大了计数误差,截点法比面积法
收稿日期:2023-05-26
作者简介:来 萍(1979-) ,女,本科,主要从事金相检验工作, 更简便。截点法是计数已知长度的试验线段(或网
lpsjc@sina.com 格)与晶粒截线或者晶界截点的个数,通过计算单
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