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仪器研制 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240062
用于发动机叶片检测的 X 射线应力测定仪研制
刘元元,李晓晨
(丹东浩元仪器有限公司,丹东 118009)
摘 要:针对镍基单晶发动机叶片等异形零部件需要应力检测的问题,设计研发了一款X射线应
力测定仪。该X射线应力测定仪通过X射线扫描得到衍射谱图原始数据,从而确定测试晶面对应的
实际衍射角2θ,粗扫后画出极图,根据极图成像位置确定α 和β;通过Psi和Phi 扫描功能至少扫描
出6个点,将得到的α 和β 与极图数据逐一比对,排除不匹配的点;将准确的α 和β 输入到程序中,得
到对应的2θ 峰值,最后将多组2θ 代入计算公式中,得到该晶面的应力张量。结果表明:该X射线应
力测定仪能很好地应用于镍基单晶发动机叶片等异形零部件的检测中。
关键词: X射线应力测定仪;镍基单晶;衍射角;衍射谱图;应力张量
中图分类号:TG115.23;TB31 文献标志码:A 文章编号: 1001-4012(2025)05-0083-04
Design of X-ray stress tester for engine blade detection
LIU Yuanyuan, LI Xiaochen
(Dandong Haoyuan Instrument Co., Ltd., Dandong 118009 , China)
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of stress detection for special-shaped parts such as nickel-based single crystal
engine blades, an X-ray stress tester was designed and developed. The X-ray stress tester obtained the original data of
the diffraction spectrum by X-ray scanning, so as to determine the actual diffraction angle 2θ corresponding to the test
crystal plane. After rough scanning, the pole figure was drawn. According to the imaging position of the pole figure,
α and β were determined. At least 6 points were scanned by Psi and Phi scanning functions. The obtained α and β were
compared with the pole figure data one by one to exclude mismatched points. The accurate α and β were input into the
program to obtain the corresponding 2θ peak value. Finally, multiple sets of 2θ were substituted into the calculation
formula to obtain the stress tensor of the crystal plane. The results show that the X-ray stress tester could be well
applied to the detection of special-shaped parts such as nickel-based single crystal engine blades.
Keywords: X-ray stress tester; nickel-based single crystal; diffraction angle; diffraction spectrum;
stress tensor
目前,新材料广泛应用于各个领域。各种新材 定仪,详细介绍了该X射线应力测定仪的系统组成
料在制造时往往会产生应力,适当的应力可能成为 部分及性能,并使用该测定仪对镍基单晶发动机叶
零件强化的因素,而不适当的应力则可能导致材料 片进行应力测定,最后给出了检测结果。
变形和开裂。在材料加工以后,应力将影响构件的 1 系统组成
静载强度、疲劳强度、抗应力腐蚀能力。因此,准确
该X射线应力测定仪由X射线管、探测器、机械
[1]
检测零部件的应力显得尤为重要 。例如,应用于
部分、系统控制部分、软件控制部分,以及壳体部分
国防航空领域的镍基单晶发动机叶片 是火箭和飞
[2]
等组成。系统组成如图1所示,系统总成如图2所示。
机上最重要的部件,准确检测出其应力是非常必要 1.1 X射线管
的。笔者介绍了一款自主设计研发的X射线应力测 X射线管外观如图3所示。X射线管为密封陶
瓷或者金属结构,具有耐热、抗震、不易损坏并且容
收稿日期:2024-03-08
易更换等优点,该仪器采用循环水冷却,可长时间
作者简介:刘元元(1986-),本科,工程师,主要从事 X 射线衍
射仪及X射线应力仪的设计开发工作,245792285@qq.com 稳定使用。可选的多种靶材在应力测量时能够获得
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