Page 44 - 理化检验-物理分册2024年第十二期

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专题报道 DOI:10.11973/lhjy-wl240259

核电厂乏燃料干式贮存容器老化效应检查策略

杨晓蕾，孟凡江
（上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司，上海 200233）

摘 要：核电厂乏燃料干式贮存是常见的乏燃料中间贮存方法，其通过乏燃料干式贮存设施在乏
燃料进行后处理或作为放射性废物处置之前，为乏燃料提供安全可靠的贮存方式。然而，乏燃料干
式贮存容器在辐照、温度、湿度和腐蚀介质等影响下不可避免地会发生老化降质。开发合理有效的
乏燃料干式贮存容器检查策略，有助于及时识别和探测乏燃料干式容器的老化效应，保证乏燃料干
式贮存容器结构的完整性及乏燃料贮存的安全性。调研分析了国内外实践经验，梳理了乏燃料干式
贮存容器常见的失效机制，总结了乏燃料干式贮存容器检查大纲开发策略，结果可为国内乏燃料干
式贮存容器建立可靠的检查策略提出建议。
关键词： 乏燃料；干式贮存容器；老化效应；检查大纲；辐照
中图分类号：TL24；TQ317.6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-4012(2024)12-0028-03
Aging effect inspection strategy of spent fuel dry storage container in

nuclear power plant

YANG Xiaolei, MENG Fanjiang
(Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China)

Abstract: The dry storage of spent fuel in nuclear power plant is a common intermediate storage method for
spent fuel. It provides safe and reliable storage method of spent fuel through dry storage facilities before reprocessing of
spent fuel or disposal as radioactive waste. However, the spent fuel dry storage container will inevitably undergo aging
and degradation under the influence of irradiation, temperature, humidity and corrosive medium. The development
of a reasonable and effective inspection strategy for spent fuel dry storage containers is helpful to identify and detect
the aging effect of spent fuel dry storage containers in time, and ensure the structural integrity of spent fuel dry
storage containers and the safety of spent fuel storage. The practical experience at home and abroad is investigated
and analyzed, the common failure mechanism of spent fuel dry storage containers is sorted out, and the development
strategy of the inspection outline of spent fuel dry storage containers is summarized. The results can provide suggestions
for establishing a reliable inspection strategy for domestic spent fuel dry storage containers.
Keywords: spent fuel; dry storage container; aging effect; inspection outline; irradiation

核电厂运行过程伴随着大量乏燃料的产生，随 方案 [1-3] 。乏燃料干式贮存容器是乏燃料干式贮存设
着我国核电装机容量的持续提升和卸载乏燃料数量 施的重要组成部分，在辐照、温度、湿度和腐蚀介质
等因素的影响下，乏燃料干式贮存容器不可避免地
的快速增加，乏燃料的中间贮存和处理问题引起了
会发生老化降质现象，不锈钢乏燃料干式贮存容器
广泛关注。乏燃料干式贮存技术具有非能动余热排
常见的潜在老化机制及其主要影响因素如表1所示。
出、安全性高、贮存规模便于扩展和废物少量化等优 这些老化机制造成材料损失和开裂等老化效应。在
势，逐渐成为世界主要核电国家的乏燃料中间贮存 充分识别老化效应和老化机制的基础上，开发合理
可行的检查大纲，及时探测和识别乏燃料干式贮存
收稿日期：2024-09-05
容器的潜在老化降质，并对所观测到的性能劣化进
作者简介：杨晓蕾（1994-） ，女，博士，工程师，主要从事核电厂
行评估及纠正，对确保乏燃料干式贮存容器的结构
老化管理及腐蚀防护工作
通信作者：孟凡江，mengfanjiang@snerdi.com.cn 完整性和预期功能的实现具有重要作用。
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