Abstract: Residual stress is the one of three factors of environment sensitive cracking.there is a threshold stress for stress corrosion cracking,hydrogen induce cracking and corrosion fatigue cracking respectively. Residual stress can be measured,but can not be seen matronly,which existed and combined with working stress. To make failure of parts in industries. The relationship between residual stress with ESC was described,and the importance for maintain safe operation and safety evaluation in Engineering was pointed out.