Abstract: The important significances and the great roles of the technologies of materials testing and characterization played in the fields of materials science and technology as well as modern manufacture industry has been first set froth. Then,the connotation and developments of the present technologies and methods for materials testing and characterization about composition,microstructure,physical and mechanical properties are introduced. Facing the challenge of the fast developments of new materials and technology,the advanced technologies of materials testing and characterization for 21′st centrury are prospected,which is a multiple technology with multi-category and inter-disciplinary being characteristic of science,advance,high-speed,simplicity and convenience,precision,automation,and multifunction and so on.