Abstract: The main factors of influence on Rockwell hardness test results and the attentions which should be paid to Rockwell hardness test were described. The results show that the surface roughness, parallelism and the thickness of the test samples affected the test results in different extent. During the Rockwell hardness test process, problems such as inspection of the hardness tester, test load holding time, surface roughness of test sample and location of indentation should be noticed.