Abstract: Under the conditions of temperature of 530 ℃, hydrogen partial pressure of 1.3 MPa and duration of 1 h, a short-term overtemperature accident occurred in a 09MnNiDR steel pressure vessel. Based on the diffusion calculation method for carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms, combined with metallographic examination and hardness test, a rapid inspection method for hydrogen pressure vessels after short-term overtemperature was proposed. The results show that under the overtemperature condition, the grain of the material did not coarsen, the grain boundary did not crack, the surface did not decarbonize obviously, and the hardness of the material remained within the safe range. No over-standard defects were found in the overtemperature part, indicating that the equipment could still be operated safely. This method could provide a reference evaluation scheme for the damage assessment of high-temperature short-term overtemperature hydrogen equipment, especially in areas where conventional testing couldnot be performed due to conditional constraints ( such as limited space ).