Abstract: Residual stress has a significant impact on the performance of components, but accurate measurement of residual stress in thick plate structures still faces challenges. The basic principles, key technologies, and research progress of deep hole method at home and abroad are systematically expounded, including reference hole machining, aperture measurement, drilling process, and stress calculation. Application cases show that the deep hole method can effectively characterize the high-value stress distribution characteristics of welded structures and the stress gradient distribution inside nuclear power/aviation components. The current technology needs to solve the problems of new structural materials and complex stress field error analysis. In the future, a comprehensive stress evaluation system with multi-source data fusion shall be established and intelligent equipment shall be developed to meet the residual stress evaluation needs of high-end equipment manufacturing and ultra large components.