Abstract: With the advancement of industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing, the metallurgical industry is facing a critical period of transformation and upgrading. Traditional physical and chemical testing methods have gradually exposed many shortcomings in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and cost, while the emergence of intelligent laboratories has brought new opportunities to the industry. The core technology architecture, typical application scenarios, challenges and countermeasures in the development of the intelligent laboratory for metallurgical physical and chemical testing are analyzed, and the future trend is prospected. The results show that intelligent laboratories are not only an inevitable choice for the high-quality development of the metallurgical industry, but also an important support for the transition from “experience-driven” to “data-driven”.