Abstract: The wear particle samples in the oil and magnetic blockage during the fatigue test of aviation rolling bearings were collected, and the lubricating oil and wear particle samples were analyzed. At the same time, the wear state of the bearing was monitored by combining the wear state and vibration data of the test piece. The results show that the content change trend of Fe element in the test cycle was the most obvious, which was an effective element to monitor the wear of bearings. The morphology characteristics of bearing fatigue wear particles were mainly irregular flakes with flat and bright surface. The particle size and the number of particles increased with the extension of test time. In the actual wear monitoring, it was also necessary to combine spectral analysis with other technical means, such as energy spectrum analysis technology, to locate and find the wear site in time to avoid bearing failure.