Abstract: A comparative analysis was conducted on the commonly used Vickers hardness testing standards ASTM E92-23, ISO 6507.1:2023, and GB/T 4340.1—2024 at home and abroad, from the aspects of hardness tester and standard hardness block requirements, specimen requirements, period verification, and indentation measurement. The results show that the allowable error for indentation measurement is slightly higher than the requirements of standard ASTM E92-23. For indication error and repeatability, the requirements of the three standards are inconsistent and have varying degrees of superiority in different scales or hardness value ranges. In terms of sample requirements, indentation inspection, selection of indentation magnification, and handling of verification records during the period, the provisions of standard ASTM E92-23 are more specific and easy to operate. The provisions of GB 4340.1—2024 and ISO 6507-1:2023 regarding the use of a diagonal length measurement system for indentation inspection on standard blocks not only verify the effectiveness of the indentation measurement system, but also correct the systematic errors caused by the testing personnel’s habit of “wire jamming” at the indentation tip, which is significantly better than the standard ASTM E92-23.