Abstract: Abstract Failure analysis is an interdisciplinary and comprehensive discipline with extremely wide applications, especially playing an indispensable role in accident analysis and prevention. The formation background and development status of failure analysis discipline at home and abroad are introduced and reviewed, and the future research prospect of the failure analysis is also given. The aim is to help more professionals deeply understand the role and significance of failure analysis, promote its better application and development of failure analysis techniques through innovation and ensure the use safety of products, thereby serving the national development strategy and national economy construction.