Abstract: Using paper as the research object, scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted on the samples under different conditions such as acceleration voltage, beam current, working distance, metal film spraying time, and working mode to investigate the influence of different working parameters on the quality of scanning electron microscopy images of paper samples. The results show that selecting an acceleration voltage of 15 kV, a beam current of 100 pA, and a working distance of 20 mm could obtain a paper morphology image that was less affected by the charge effect and had a strong sense of three dimensionality. Proper gold spraying treatment on the sample was beneficial for increasing its conductivity, while shooting in low vacuum mode could eliminate the influence of charging effect and reduce the operational requirements for testing personnel.