Abstract: During the rolling deformation process of medium carbon steel, the curling temperature had a significant impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The medium carbon steel at different curling temperatures were analyzed by tensile testing, Vickers hardness testing, metallographic examination, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results show that as the curling temperature decreased, the distribution of ferrite and pearlite became more uniform, the interlayer spacing of pearlite decreased, and the band level became smaller. The strength, toughness and hardness of the material significantly increased, while the plasticity deteriorated.