Abstract: The transformation of austenite structure and the formation of oxide scale of low carbon steel wire rod under different controlled cooling process conditions were studied by thermal simulation test. The effects of parameters such as cooling temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure of low carbon steel wire rod, the phase structure of oxide scale, the thickness of oxide scale and the total thickness of each layer were analyzed. The content of acicular ferrite and the reasonable thickness of oxide scale structure in the microstructure of low carbon steel wire rod after controlled cooling were obtained.