Abstract: The technical differences between the new standard for Rockwell hardness test of GB/T 230.1-2018 Metallic Materials-Rockwell Hardness Test-Part 1:Test Method and the old standard GB/T 230.1-2009, were compared and analyzed from the aspects of indenter material, test principle, application scope of scale, test load holding time, data rounding and daily check of hardness tester. The main modifications of the new standard were summarized, and matters needing attention in the implementation of the new standard were explained. The results show that there are great differences between the two standards in specific regulations, relevant regulations should be made well in advance before the test in order to get objective and accurate test data.