Abstract: The principles of Rockwell hardness test and Brinell hardness test were introduced. The technical content changes of GB/T 230.1-2018 Metallic Materials-Rockwell Hardness Test-Part 1:Test Method and GB/T 231.1-2018 Metallic Materials-Brinell Hardness Test-Part 1:Test Method compared with the previous standards were summarized, and the technical requirements and implementation measures proposed by the two new standards for the hardness test were analyzed emphatically. The results show that the two new standards both emphasize the technical requirements for the validity and traceability of measurement results. It is recommended that domestic hardness tester manufacturers and mechanics testing laboratories and calibration laboratories should strengthen communication and close cooperation to adapt to the new requirements of the traditional hardness test technology with the times.