Abstract: Based on GB/T 231.1-2009, national standard GB/T 231.1-2018 was got from revising and applying international standard ISO 6506-1:2014. Through comparing with the previous standard, the new standard revision contents including foreword, scope, normative references, principle, apparatus, test piece, procedure, test report, annex B, etc. were introduced and analyzed in detail. The results show that revisions such as introducing JJG 150, and stipulating that daily inspection should be carried out before the test, the indentation measuring device should have uniform field lighting, the hardness conversion value should indicate the source, and the "routine examination" should be changed from the informative annex to the normative annex were all important modifications. Compared with the previous standard, GB/T 231.1-2018 is an obvious progress.