Abstract: According to GB/T 4340.1-2009, the Vickers hardness of zirconium alloy strip was measured, and the uncertainty of the measurement results was evaluated according to JJF 1059.1-2012. The results show that the uncertainty of Vickers hardness measurement of zirconium alloy mainly comes from many aspects such as measurement of indentation diagonal length, test force value measurement, unevenness of standard hardness block and itself uncertainty of hardness tester. When the coverage factor k=2, the extended uncertainty U₉₅=15.82 HV, and the relative extended uncertainty U_95,rel=7.87%.