Abstract: The rapid preparing method for metallographic specimens of 15CrMo steel and 12Cr1MoV steel was explored, and the grinding and polishing erosion reagent method was determined. The results show that:after etching in the grinding and polishing reagent consisting of 25 mL distilled water, 30 mL hydrogen peroxide, 2 mL hydrofluoric acid and 2 g oxalic acid for 60 s at room temperature, the microstructure of 15CrMo steel and 12Cr1MoV steel could be revealed clearly; the method had the advantages of easy handling, less time consumption and no restrictiveness of locations and shapes, and the efficiency of in-filed preparation for metallographic specimens could be enhanced greatly.