Abstract: From the test method, verification and calibration of the hardness testing machines, verification and calibration of the hardness blocks and so on, the provisions of ASTM standards and the relevant domestic standards (including national standards and national regulation for metrological verification) for hardness test were compared and analyzed respectively to find out the main differences between ASTM standards and domestic standards. The characteristics of ASTM standards for the hardness test were summarized to provide a reference for the development and application of the domestic standards. In addition, the application of the ASTM standards for hardness test in the international subcontracting production business was introduced to provide a reference for better understanding and applying the foreign trade standards.