Abstract: Firstly, the development history, classification and key technologies of the hardness testing machines were reviewed and summarized briefly. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the development of the hardness testing machines in our country were given deep consideration. Finally, the key technologies to be solved urgently and suggestions for future development of hardness testing machine industry were put forward with the aim to promote the upgrading of the overall level of hardness testing machine industry in China with prosperous and healthy development, especially in the R&D breakthrough of modern and advanced hardness testing machines.