Abstract: The difference between Brinell hardness test standards of GB/T 231 and ASTM E10 were compared and analyzed, and it was found that the regulations about test method in GB/T 231 and ASTM E 10 are basically the same, except the technical indicators about test force, dwell time and minimum sample thickness. The requirements of verification schedule, direct verification and indirect verification are obviously different in the two standards, and GB/T 231 is strict, quantitative and specific and ASTM E10 is detailed and tolerant. In the end, according to the difference analysis between the two standards, the common problems of Brinell hardness test in oil equipment industry field were summarized and concluded.